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1   /*
2    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
3    * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
4    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
5    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
6    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
7    * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
8    *
9    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10   *
11   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
12   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
13   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
14   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
15   * limitations under the License.
16   */
17  package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
18  
19  import java.io.Serializable;
20  import java.net.IDN;
21  import java.util.Arrays;
22  import java.util.List;
23  import java.util.Locale;
24  
25  /**
26   * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
27   *
28   * <p>
29   * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
30   * and top-level domains.
31   * </p>
32   *
33   * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
34   * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
35   * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
36   * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
37   * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
38   * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
39   * same name would have passed.
40   * </p>
41   *
42   * <p>
43   * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
44   * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
45   * </p>
46   *
47   *   <ul>
48   *     <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
49   *         (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
50   *     <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
51   *         (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
52   *     <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
53   *         (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
54   *   </ul>
55   *
56   * <p>
57   * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
58   * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
59   * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
60   * </p>
61   *
62   * @since 1.4
63   */
64  public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
65  
66      /**
67       * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
68       * to determine which override array to update / fetch
69       * @since 1.5.0
70       * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
71       */
72      public enum ArrayType {
73          /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
74          GENERIC_PLUS,
75          /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
76          GENERIC_MINUS,
77          /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
78          COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
79          /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
80          COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
81          /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */
82          GENERIC_RO,
83          /** Gets a copy of the country code table */
84          COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
85          /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */
86          INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
87          /** Gets a copy of the local table */
88          LOCAL_RO,
89          /**
90           * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs
91           * @since 1.7
92           */
93          LOCAL_PLUS,
94          /**
95           * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
96           * @since 1.7
97           */
98          LOCAL_MINUS
99          ;
100     }
101 
102     private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
103         private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
104         private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
105             final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
106             return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
107         }
108     }
109 
110     /**
111      * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class.
112      * @since 1.7
113      */
114     public static class Item {
115         final ArrayType type;
116         final String[] values;
117 
118         /**
119          * Constructs a new instance.
120          * @param type ArrayType, e.g. GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
121          * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
122          */
123         public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) {
124             this.type = type;
125             this.values = values; // no need to copy here
126         }
127     }
128 
129     // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
130 
131     private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
132 
133         /**
134          * Singleton instance of this validator, which
135          *  doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
136          */
137         private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
138 
139         /**
140          * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
141          *  consider local addresses valid.
142          */
143         private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
144 
145     }
146 
147     /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
148     private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
149 
150     private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {};
151 
152     private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
153 
154     // RFC2396: domainlabel   = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
155     // Max 63 characters
156     private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
157 
158     // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
159     // Max 63 characters
160     private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
161 
162     /**
163      * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
164      * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
165      */
166 
167     // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
168     // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
169     // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
170     // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
171     // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
172     private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
173             "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
174     private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
175 
176     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
177     private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = {
178         "arpa",               // internet infrastructure
179     };
180 
181     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
182     private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = {
183         // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr  2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
184         "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
185         "aarp", // aarp AARP
186         // "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
187         "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
188         "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
189         "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
190         "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
191         "able", // able Able Inc.
192         "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
193         "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
194         "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
195         "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
196         "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
197         "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
198         "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
199 //        "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
200         "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
201 //        "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
202         "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
203         "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
204         "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
205         "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
206         "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
207 //        "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
208         "afl", // afl Australian Football League
209         "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
210         "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
211         "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
212         "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
213 //        "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
214         "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
215         "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
216         "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
217         "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
218         // "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
219         "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
220         "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
221         "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
222         "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
223         "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
224         "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
225         "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
226         "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
227         "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
228         "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
229         "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
230         "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
231         "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
232         "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
233         "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
234         "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
235         "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
236         "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
237         "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
238         "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
239         "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
240         "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
241         "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
242         "arab", // arab League of Arab States
243         "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
244         "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
245         "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
246         "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
247         "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
248         "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
249         "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
250         "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
251         "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
252         "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
253         "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
254         "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
255         "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
256         "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
257         "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
258         "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
259         "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
260         "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
261         // "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
262         "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
263         "axa", // axa AXA SA
264         "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
265         "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
266         "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
267         "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
268         // "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
269         "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
270         "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
271         "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
272         "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
273         "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
274         "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
275         "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
276         "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
277         "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
278         "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
279         "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
280         "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
281         "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
282         "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
283         "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
284         "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
285         "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
286         "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
287         "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
288         "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
289         "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
290         "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
291         "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
292         "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
293         "bet", // bet Afilias plc
294         "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
295         "bible", // bible American Bible Society
296         "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
297         "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
298         "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
299         "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
300         "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
301         "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
302         "black", // black Afilias Limited
303         "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
304 //        "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
305         "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
306         "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
307         "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
308         "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
309         "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
310         "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
311 //        "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
312         "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
313         "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
314         "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
315         "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
316         "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
317         "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
318         "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
319         "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
320         "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
321 //        "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
322         "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
323         "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
324         "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
325         "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
326         "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
327         "box", // box NS1 Limited
328         "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
329         "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
330         "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
331         "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
332         "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
333         "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
334 //        "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
335 //        "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
336         "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
337         "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
338         "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
339         "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
340         "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
341         "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
342         "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
343         "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
344         "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
345         "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
346         "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
347         "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
348         "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
349         "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
350 //        "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
351         "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
352         "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
353         "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
354         "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
355         "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
356         "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
357         "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
358         "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
359         "career", // career dotCareer LLC
360         "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
361         "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
362 //        "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
363         "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
364         "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
365 //        "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
366         "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
367         "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
368         "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
369         "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
370         "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
371         "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
372         "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
373         "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
374         // "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
375 //        "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
376         "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
377         "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
378         "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
379         "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
380         "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
381         "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
382         "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
383         "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
384         "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
385         "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
386         "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
387         "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
388 //        "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
389         "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
390         "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
391 //        "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
392         "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
393         "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
394         "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
395         "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
396         "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
397         "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
398         "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
399         "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
400         // "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
401         "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
402         "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
403         "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
404         "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
405         "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
406         "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
407         "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
408         "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
409         "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
410         "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
411         "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
412         "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
413         "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
414         "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
415         "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
416         // "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
417         "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
418         "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
419         "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
420         "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
421         "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
422         "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
423         "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
424         "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
425         "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
426         "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
427         "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
428         "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
429         // "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
430         "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
431         "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
432         "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
433         "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
434         "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
435         "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
436         "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
437         "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
438         "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
439         "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
440         "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
441         "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
442         "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
443         "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
444         "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
445         "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
446 //        "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
447         "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
448         "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
449         "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
450         "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
451         "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
452         "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
453         "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
454         "date", // date dot Date Limited
455         "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
456         "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
457         "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
458         "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
459         "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
460         "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
461         "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
462         "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
463         "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
464         "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
465         "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
466         "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
467         "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
468         "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
469         "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
470         "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
471         "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
472         "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
473         "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
474         "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
475         "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
476         "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
477         "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
478         "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
479         "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
480         "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
481         "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
482         "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
483         "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
484         "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
485         "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
486         "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
487 //        "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
488         "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
489 //        "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
490         "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
491 //            "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
492         "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
493         "download", // download dot Support Limited
494         "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
495         "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
496         "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
497 //        "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
498         "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
499 //        "duns", // duns The Dun &amp; Bradstreet Corporation
500         "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
501         "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
502         "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
503         "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
504         "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
505         "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
506         "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
507         "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
508         "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
509         "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
510         "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
511         "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
512         "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
513         "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
514         "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
515         "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
516 //        "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
517         "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
518         "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
519         "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
520         "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
521         "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
522         "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
523         // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
524         // "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
525         "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
526         "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
527         "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
528 //        "everbank", // everbank EverBank
529         "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
530         "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
531         "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
532         "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
533         "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
534         "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
535         "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
536         "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
537         "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
538         "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
539         "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
540         "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
541         "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
542         "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
543         "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
544         "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
545         "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
546         "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
547         "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
548         "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
549         // "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
550         "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
551         "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
552         "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
553         "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
554         "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
555         "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
556         "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
557         "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
558         "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
559         "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
560         "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
561         "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
562         "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
563         "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
564         "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
565         "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
566         "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
567         "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
568 //        "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
569         "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
570         "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
571         "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
572         // "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
573         "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
574         "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
575         "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
576         "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
577         "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
578         "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
579         "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
580         "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
581         "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
582         "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
583         "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
584         // "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
585         "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
586         "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
587         "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
588 //        "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
589         "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
590         "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
591         "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
592         "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
593         "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
594         "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
595         "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
596         "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
597         "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
598         "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
599         "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
600         "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
601         "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
602         "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
603         "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
604         "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
605         "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
606         "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
607         "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
608         "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
609         "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
610         "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
611         "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
612         "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
613         "giving", // giving Giving Limited
614 //        "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
615         "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
616         "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
617         "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
618         "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
619         "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
620         "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
621         "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
622         "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
623         "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
624         "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
625         "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
626         "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
627         "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
628 //        "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
629         "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
630         "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
631         "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
632         "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
633         "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
634         "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
635         "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
636         "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
637         "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
638         "green", // green Afilias Limited
639         "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
640         "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
641         "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
642         // "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
643         "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
644         "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
645         "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
646         "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
647         "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
648         "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
649         "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
650         "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
651         "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
652         "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
653         "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
654         "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
655         "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
656         "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
657         "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
658         "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
659         "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
660         "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
661         // "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
662         "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
663         "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
664         "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
665         "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
666         "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
667         "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
668         "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
669         "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
670         "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
671         "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
672         "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
673         "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
674         "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
675 //        "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
676         "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
677         "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
678         "host", // host DotHost Inc.
679         "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
680         "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
681         // "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
682         "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
683         "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
684         "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
685         "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
686         "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
687 //        "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
688         "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
689         "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
690         "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
691         "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
692         "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
693         "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
694         "icu", // icu One.com A/S
695         "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
696         "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
697 //        "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
698         "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
699         "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
700         "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
701         "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
702         "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
703         "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
704         "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
705         "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
706         "info", // info Afilias Limited
707         "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
708         "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
709         "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
710         "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
711         "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
712         "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
713 //        "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
714         "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
715         "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
716         "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
717         "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
718         "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
719 //        "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
720         "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
721         "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
722         "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
723         "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
724         "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
725 //        "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
726 //        "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
727         "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
728         "java", // java Oracle Corporation
729         "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
730 //        "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
731         "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
732         "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
733         "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
734         "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
735 //        "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
736         "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
737         "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
738         "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
739         "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
740         "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
741         "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
742         "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
743         "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
744         "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
745         "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
746         "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
747         "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
748         "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
749         "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
750         "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
751         "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
752         "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
753         "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
754         "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited
755         "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
756         // "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
757         "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
758         "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
759         "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
760         "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
761         "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
762         "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
763         "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
764         "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
765         "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
766         "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
767         "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
768         "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
769         "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
770 //        "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
771         "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
772         "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
773         "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
774         // "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
775 //        "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
776         "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
777         "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
778         "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
779         "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
780         "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
781         "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
782         "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
783         "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
784         "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
785         "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
786         "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
787         "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
788         "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
789         "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
790         "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
791         "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
792         "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
793 //        "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
794         "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
795         "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
796         "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
797         "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
798         "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
799         "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
800         "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
801         "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
802         "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
803         "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
804         // "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
805         "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
806         "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
807         "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
808         "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
809 //        "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
810         "llc", // llc Afilias plc
811         "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
812         "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
813         "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
814         "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
815         "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
816 //        "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
817         "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
818         "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
819         "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
820         "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
821         "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
822         "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
823         "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
824         "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
825         "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
826         "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
827 //        "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
828         "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
829         "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
830         // "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
831         "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
832         "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
833         "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
834         "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
835         "man", // man MAN SE
836         "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
837         "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
838         "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
839         "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
840         "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
841         "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
842         "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
843         "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
844         // "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
845         "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
846         "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
847 //        "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
848 //        "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
849         "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
850         "med", // med Medistry LLC
851         "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
852         "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
853         "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
854         "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
855         "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
856         "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
857         "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
858 //        "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
859         "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
860 //        "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
861         "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
862         "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
863         "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
864         "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
865         "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
866         "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
867         "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
868         "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
869         "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
870         "mma", // mma MMA IARD
871         "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
872         "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
873 //        "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
874         "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
875         "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
876         "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
877         "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
878         "monash", // monash Monash University
879         "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
880         "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
881 //        "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
882 //        "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
883         "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
884         "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
885         "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
886         "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
887         "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
888         "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
889         "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
890 //        "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
891         "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
892         "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
893 //        "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
894         "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
895         "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
896         "music", // music DotMusic Limited
897         // "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
898 //        "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
899         "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
900 //        "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
901         "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
902         "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
903 //        "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
904         "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
905         "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
906         "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
907         "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
908         "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
909         "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
910         "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
911         "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
912         "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
913         "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
914 //        "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
915         "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
916         "next", // next Next plc
917         "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
918         "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
919         "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
920         "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
921         "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
922         "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
923         "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
924         "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
925         "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
926         "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
927         "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
928         "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
929         // "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
930         "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
931         "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
932         "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
933         "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
934         "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
935         "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
936         "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
937         "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
938         "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
939         "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
940 //        "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
941         "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
942         "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
943         "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
944         "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
945         // "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
946         "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
947         "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
948         "one", // one One.com A/S
949         "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
950         "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
951         "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
952 //        "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
953         "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
954         "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
955         "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
956         "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
957         "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
958         "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
959 //        "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
960         "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
961         "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
962         "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
963         "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
964         "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
965         "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
966 //        "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
967         "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
968 //        "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
969         "paris", // paris City of Paris
970         "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
971         "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
972         "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
973         "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
974         // "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
975         "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
976         "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
977         "pet", // pet Afilias plc
978         "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
979         "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
980         "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
981         "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
982         "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
983         "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
984         "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
985         "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
986         "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
987 //        "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
988         "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
989         "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
990         "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
991         "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
992         "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
993         "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
994         "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
995         "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
996         "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
997         "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
998         "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
999         "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1000         "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1001         "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1002         "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1003         "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1004         "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1005         "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1006         "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1007         "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1008         "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1009         "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1010         "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1011         "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1012         "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1013         "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1014         "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1015         "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1016         "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1017         "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1018         "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1019         "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1020         "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1021         "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1022         "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1023         "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1024         "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1025         "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1026         "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1027         "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1028 //        "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1029         "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1030         "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1031 //        "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1032         "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1033         "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1034         "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1035         "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1036         "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1037         "red", // red Afilias Limited
1038         "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1039         "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1040         "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1041         "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1042         "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1043         "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1044         "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1045         "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1046         "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1047         "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1048         "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1049         "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1050         "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1051         "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1052         "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1053         "review", // review dot Review Limited
1054         "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1055         "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1056         "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1057         "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1058         "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1059         // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1060         "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1061         "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1062         "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1063 //        "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1064         // "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1065         "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1066         "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1067         "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1068         "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1069         "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1070         "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1071         "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1072         "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1073         "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1074         "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1075         "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1076         "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1077         "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1078         "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1079         "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1080         "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1081         "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1082         "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1083         "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1084         "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1085         "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1086         "sap", // sap SAP AG
1087 //        "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1088         "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1089         "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1090         "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1091         "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1092         "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1093         "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1094         // "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1095         "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
1096         "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
1097         "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1098         "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1099         "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1100         "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1101         "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1102         "science", // science dot Science Limited
1103 //        "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1104         // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1105         "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1106         "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1107         "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1108         "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1109         "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1110         "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1111         "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1112         "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1113         "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1114 //        "ses", // ses SES
1115         "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1116         "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
1117         "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1118         "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1119         "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1120         "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1121         "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1122         "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1123         "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1124         "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1125         "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1126         "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1127         "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1128         "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1129         "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1130         "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1131         // "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1132 //        "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1133         "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1134         "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1135         "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1136         "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1137         "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1138         "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
1139         "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1140         "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1141         "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1142         "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1143         "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1144         "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1145         "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1146         "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1147         "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1148         "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1149         "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1150         "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1151         "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1152         "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1153         "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1154         "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1155         "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
1156         "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1157 //        "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1158         "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1159         "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1160 //        "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1161         "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1162 //        "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1163         "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1164         "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1165         "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1166 //        "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1167         "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1168         "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1169 //        "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1170         "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1171         "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1172         "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1173         "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1174         "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1175         "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1176         "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1177         "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1178         "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1179         "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1180         "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1181         "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1182         "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1183         "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1184         "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1185         "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1186         "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1187 //        "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1188         "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1189         "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1190 //        "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1191         "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1192         "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1193         "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1194         "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1195         "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1196         "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1197         "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1198         "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1199         "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1200         "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1201         "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1202         "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1203         "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1204         "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1205         "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1206         "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1207         "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1208 //        "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1209 //        "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1210         "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1211         "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1212         "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1213         "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1214         "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1215         "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1216         "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1217         "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1218         "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1219         // "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1220         "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1221         "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1222         "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1223         "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1224         "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1225         "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1226         "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1227         "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1228         "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1229         "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1230         "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
1231         "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1232         "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1233         "total", // total Total SA
1234         "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1235         "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1236         "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1237         "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1238         "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1239         "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1240         "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1241         "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1242         // "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1243         "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1244         "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1245         "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1246         "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1247         "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1248         "tui", // tui TUI AG
1249         "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1250         "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1251         "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR  &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1252         "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1253         "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1254 //        "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1255         "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1256         "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1257         "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1258         "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1259         "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1260         "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1261         "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1262         "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1263         "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1264         "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1265         "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1266         "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1267         "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1268         "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1269         "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1270         "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1271         "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1272         "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1273         "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1274         "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1275         "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1276         "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1277         "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1278 //        "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1279 //        "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1280         "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1281         "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1282         "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1283         "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1284         // "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1285         "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1286         "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1287         "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1288         "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1289         "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1290         // "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1291         "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1292         "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1293         "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1294         "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1295         "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1296 //        "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1297         "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1298         "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1299         "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1300         "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1301         "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1302         "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1303         "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1304         "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1305         "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1306         "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1307         "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1308         "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
1309         "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1310         "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1311         "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1312         "win", // win First Registry Limited
1313         "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1314         "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1315         "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1316         "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1317         "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1318         "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1319         "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1320         "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1321         "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1322         "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1323         "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1324         "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1325         "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1326         "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1327         // "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1328         "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1329         "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1330         "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1331         "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1332         "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1333         "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1334         "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1335         "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1336 //        "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1337         "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1338         "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1339         "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1340         "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1341         "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1342         "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1343         "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1344         "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1345         "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1346         "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1347         "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1348         "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1349         "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1350         "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1351         "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1352         "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1353         "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1354         "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1355         "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1356         "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1357         "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1358         "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1359         "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1360         "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1361         "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1362         "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1363         "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1364         "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1365         "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1366         "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1367         "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1368         "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1369 //        "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1370         "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1371         "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1372         "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1373         "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1374         "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1375         "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1376         "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1377         "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1378         "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1379         "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1380         "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1381         "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1382         "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1383         "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1384         "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1385         "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1386 //        "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1387         "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1388         "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1389 //        "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1390         "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1391         "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1392         "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1393         // "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1394         "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1395 //        "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1396         "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1397         "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1398         "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1399         "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1400         "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1401         "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1402         "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1403         "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1404         "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1405         "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1406         "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1407         "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1408         "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1409 //        "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1410         "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1411         "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1412         "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1413         "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1414         "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1415         "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1416         "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1417         "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1418         "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1419         "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1420         "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1421         "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1422         "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1423         "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1424         "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1425         "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1426         "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1427         "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1428 //        "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1429         "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1430         "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1431         "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1432         "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1433         "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1434         "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1435         "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1436         "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1437         "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1438         "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1439         "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1440         "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1441         "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1442         "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1443         "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1444         "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1445 //        "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1446         "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1447         "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1448 };
1449 
1450     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1451     private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = {
1452         // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr  2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
1453         "ac",                 // Ascension Island
1454         "ad",                 // Andorra
1455         "ae",                 // United Arab Emirates
1456         "af",                 // Afghanistan
1457         "ag",                 // Antigua and Barbuda
1458         "ai",                 // Anguilla
1459         "al",                 // Albania
1460         "am",                 // Armenia
1461 //        "an",                 // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1462         "ao",                 // Angola
1463         "aq",                 // Antarctica
1464         "ar",                 // Argentina
1465         "as",                 // American Samoa
1466         "at",                 // Austria
1467         "au",                 // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1468         "aw",                 // Aruba
1469         "ax",                 // Åland
1470         "az",                 // Azerbaijan
1471         "ba",                 // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1472         "bb",                 // Barbados
1473         "bd",                 // Bangladesh
1474         "be",                 // Belgium
1475         "bf",                 // Burkina Faso
1476         "bg",                 // Bulgaria
1477         "bh",                 // Bahrain
1478         "bi",                 // Burundi
1479         "bj",                 // Benin
1480         "bm",                 // Bermuda
1481         "bn",                 // Brunei Darussalam
1482         "bo",                 // Bolivia
1483         "br",                 // Brazil
1484         "bs",                 // Bahamas
1485         "bt",                 // Bhutan
1486         "bv",                 // Bouvet Island
1487         "bw",                 // Botswana
1488         "by",                 // Belarus
1489         "bz",                 // Belize
1490         "ca",                 // Canada
1491         "cc",                 // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1492         "cd",                 // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1493         "cf",                 // Central African Republic
1494         "cg",                 // Republic of the Congo
1495         "ch",                 // Switzerland
1496         "ci",                 // Côte d'Ivoire
1497         "ck",                 // Cook Islands
1498         "cl",                 // Chile
1499         "cm",                 // Cameroon
1500         "cn",                 // China, mainland
1501         "co",                 // Colombia
1502         "cr",                 // Costa Rica
1503         "cu",                 // Cuba
1504         "cv",                 // Cape Verde
1505         "cw",                 // Curaçao
1506         "cx",                 // Christmas Island
1507         "cy",                 // Cyprus
1508         "cz",                 // Czech Republic
1509         "de",                 // Germany
1510         "dj",                 // Djibouti
1511         "dk",                 // Denmark
1512         "dm",                 // Dominica
1513         "do",                 // Dominican Republic
1514         "dz",                 // Algeria
1515         "ec",                 // Ecuador
1516         "ee",                 // Estonia
1517         "eg",                 // Egypt
1518         "er",                 // Eritrea
1519         "es",                 // Spain
1520         "et",                 // Ethiopia
1521         "eu",                 // European Union
1522         "fi",                 // Finland
1523         "fj",                 // Fiji
1524         "fk",                 // Falkland Islands
1525         "fm",                 // Federated States of Micronesia
1526         "fo",                 // Faroe Islands
1527         "fr",                 // France
1528         "ga",                 // Gabon
1529         "gb",                 // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1530         "gd",                 // Grenada
1531         "ge",                 // Georgia
1532         "gf",                 // French Guiana
1533         "gg",                 // Guernsey
1534         "gh",                 // Ghana
1535         "gi",                 // Gibraltar
1536         "gl",                 // Greenland
1537         "gm",                 // The Gambia
1538         "gn",                 // Guinea
1539         "gp",                 // Guadeloupe
1540         "gq",                 // Equatorial Guinea
1541         "gr",                 // Greece
1542         "gs",                 // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1543         "gt",                 // Guatemala
1544         "gu",                 // Guam
1545         "gw",                 // Guinea-Bissau
1546         "gy",                 // Guyana
1547         "hk",                 // Hong Kong
1548         "hm",                 // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1549         "hn",                 // Honduras
1550         "hr",                 // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1551         "ht",                 // Haiti
1552         "hu",                 // Hungary
1553         "id",                 // Indonesia
1554         "ie",                 // Ireland (Éire)
1555         "il",                 // Israel
1556         "im",                 // Isle of Man
1557         "in",                 // India
1558         "io",                 // British Indian Ocean Territory
1559         "iq",                 // Iraq
1560         "ir",                 // Iran
1561         "is",                 // Iceland
1562         "it",                 // Italy
1563         "je",                 // Jersey
1564         "jm",                 // Jamaica
1565         "jo",                 // Jordan
1566         "jp",                 // Japan
1567         "ke",                 // Kenya
1568         "kg",                 // Kyrgyzstan
1569         "kh",                 // Cambodia (Khmer)
1570         "ki",                 // Kiribati
1571         "km",                 // Comoros
1572         "kn",                 // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1573         "kp",                 // North Korea
1574         "kr",                 // South Korea
1575         "kw",                 // Kuwait
1576         "ky",                 // Cayman Islands
1577         "kz",                 // Kazakhstan
1578         "la",                 // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1579         "lb",                 // Lebanon
1580         "lc",                 // Saint Lucia
1581         "li",                 // Liechtenstein
1582         "lk",                 // Sri Lanka
1583         "lr",                 // Liberia
1584         "ls",                 // Lesotho
1585         "lt",                 // Lithuania
1586         "lu",                 // Luxembourg
1587         "lv",                 // Latvia
1588         "ly",                 // Libya
1589         "ma",                 // Morocco
1590         "mc",                 // Monaco
1591         "md",                 // Moldova
1592         "me",                 // Montenegro
1593         "mg",                 // Madagascar
1594         "mh",                 // Marshall Islands
1595         "mk",                 // Republic of Macedonia
1596         "ml",                 // Mali
1597         "mm",                 // Myanmar
1598         "mn",                 // Mongolia
1599         "mo",                 // Macau
1600         "mp",                 // Northern Mariana Islands
1601         "mq",                 // Martinique
1602         "mr",                 // Mauritania
1603         "ms",                 // Montserrat
1604         "mt",                 // Malta
1605         "mu",                 // Mauritius
1606         "mv",                 // Maldives
1607         "mw",                 // Malawi
1608         "mx",                 // Mexico
1609         "my",                 // Malaysia
1610         "mz",                 // Mozambique
1611         "na",                 // Namibia
1612         "nc",                 // New Caledonia
1613         "ne",                 // Niger
1614         "nf",                 // Norfolk Island
1615         "ng",                 // Nigeria
1616         "ni",                 // Nicaragua
1617         "nl",                 // Netherlands
1618         "no",                 // Norway
1619         "np",                 // Nepal
1620         "nr",                 // Nauru
1621         "nu",                 // Niue
1622         "nz",                 // New Zealand
1623         "om",                 // Oman
1624         "pa",                 // Panama
1625         "pe",                 // Peru
1626         "pf",                 // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1627         "pg",                 // Papua New Guinea
1628         "ph",                 // Philippines
1629         "pk",                 // Pakistan
1630         "pl",                 // Poland
1631         "pm",                 // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1632         "pn",                 // Pitcairn Islands
1633         "pr",                 // Puerto Rico
1634         "ps",                 // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1635         "pt",                 // Portugal
1636         "pw",                 // Palau
1637         "py",                 // Paraguay
1638         "qa",                 // Qatar
1639         "re",                 // Réunion
1640         "ro",                 // Romania
1641         "rs",                 // Serbia
1642         "ru",                 // Russia
1643         "rw",                 // Rwanda
1644         "sa",                 // Saudi Arabia
1645         "sb",                 // Solomon Islands
1646         "sc",                 // Seychelles
1647         "sd",                 // Sudan
1648         "se",                 // Sweden
1649         "sg",                 // Singapore
1650         "sh",                 // Saint Helena
1651         "si",                 // Slovenia
1652         "sj",                 // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1653         "sk",                 // Slovakia
1654         "sl",                 // Sierra Leone
1655         "sm",                 // San Marino
1656         "sn",                 // Senegal
1657         "so",                 // Somalia
1658         "sr",                 // Suriname
1659         "ss",                 // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1660         "st",                 // São Tomé and Príncipe
1661         "su",                 // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1662         "sv",                 // El Salvador
1663         "sx",                 // Sint Maarten
1664         "sy",                 // Syria
1665         "sz",                 // Swaziland
1666         "tc",                 // Turks and Caicos Islands
1667         "td",                 // Chad
1668         "tf",                 // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1669         "tg",                 // Togo
1670         "th",                 // Thailand
1671         "tj",                 // Tajikistan
1672         "tk",                 // Tokelau
1673         "tl",                 // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1674         "tm",                 // Turkmenistan
1675         "tn",                 // Tunisia
1676         "to",                 // Tonga
1677 //        "tp",                 // East Timor (Retired)
1678         "tr",                 // Turkey
1679         "tt",                 // Trinidad and Tobago
1680         "tv",                 // Tuvalu
1681         "tw",                 // Taiwan, Republic of China
1682         "tz",                 // Tanzania
1683         "ua",                 // Ukraine
1684         "ug",                 // Uganda
1685         "uk",                 // United Kingdom
1686         "us",                 // United States of America
1687         "uy",                 // Uruguay
1688         "uz",                 // Uzbekistan
1689         "va",                 // Vatican City State
1690         "vc",                 // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1691         "ve",                 // Venezuela
1692         "vg",                 // British Virgin Islands
1693         "vi",                 // U.S. Virgin Islands
1694         "vn",                 // Vietnam
1695         "vu",                 // Vanuatu
1696         "wf",                 // Wallis and Futuna
1697         "ws",                 // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1698         "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1699         "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
1700         "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1701         "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1702         "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1703         "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA)
1704         "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1705         "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1706         "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1707         "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1708         "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1709         "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1710         "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1711         "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1712         "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1713         "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1714         "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1715         "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1716         "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1717         "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1718         "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1719         "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1720         "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1721         "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1722         "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1723         "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1724         "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1725         "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1726         "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1727         "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1728         "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1729         "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1730         "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1731         "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1732         "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1733         "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1734         "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1735         "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1736         "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1737         "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1738         "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1739         "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1740         "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1741         "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1742         "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1743         "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1744         "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1745         "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
1746         "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1747         "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1748         "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1749         "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1750         "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1751         "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1752         "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1753         "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1754         "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1755         "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1756         "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1757         "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
1758         "ye",                 // Yemen
1759         "yt",                 // Mayotte
1760         "za",                 // South Africa
1761         "zm",                 // Zambia
1762         "zw",                 // Zimbabwe
1763     };
1764 
1765     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1766     private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = {
1767        "localdomain",         // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1768        "localhost",           // RFC2606 defined
1769     };
1770     /*
1771      * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1772      * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1773      * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1774      * synchronized methods.
1775      */
1776     private static boolean inUse;
1777     /*
1778      * These arrays are mutable.
1779      * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
1780      * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized.
1781      * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized.
1782      */
1783     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1784     private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1785     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1786     private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1787     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1788     private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1789     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1790     private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1791 
1792     // N.B. The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
1793     // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
1794     // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
1795     // result in different settings for the shared default instances
1796 
1797     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1798     private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1799 
1800     // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1801     private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1802 
1803     /**
1804      * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
1805      *
1806      * @param sortedArray the array to search
1807      * @param key the key to find
1808      * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
1809      */
1810     private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) {
1811         return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
1812     }
1813 
1814     /**
1815      * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
1816      *  will not consider local addresses as valid.
1817      * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1818      */
1819     public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
1820         inUse = true;
1821         return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1822     }
1823 
1824     /**
1825      * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
1826      *  with local validation as required.
1827      * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1828      * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1829      */
1830     public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) {
1831         inUse = true;
1832         if (allowLocal) {
1833             return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
1834         }
1835         return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1836     }
1837 
1838     /**
1839      * Returns a new instance of this validator.
1840      * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can
1841      * be used to override the generic and country code lists.
1842      * Note that any such entries override values provided by the
1843      * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method
1844      * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then
1845      * the class override (if any) is retained.
1846      *
1847      * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1848      * @param items - array of {@link Item} entries
1849      * @return an instance of this validator
1850      * @since 1.7
1851      */
1852     public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
1853         inUse = true;
1854         return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
1855     }
1856 
1857     /**
1858      * Gets a copy of a class level internal array.
1859      * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1860      * @return a copy of the array
1861      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1862      * @since 1.5.1
1863      */
1864     public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) {
1865         final String[] array;
1866         switch (table) {
1867         case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1868             array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1869             break;
1870         case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1871             array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1872             break;
1873         case GENERIC_MINUS:
1874             array = genericTLDsMinus;
1875             break;
1876         case GENERIC_PLUS:
1877             array = genericTLDsPlus;
1878             break;
1879         case LOCAL_MINUS:
1880             array = localTLDsMinus;
1881             break;
1882         case LOCAL_PLUS:
1883             array = localTLDsPlus;
1884             break;
1885         case GENERIC_RO:
1886             array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1887             break;
1888         case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1889             array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1890             break;
1891         case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1892             array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1893             break;
1894         case LOCAL_RO:
1895             array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1896             break;
1897         default:
1898             throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
1899         }
1900         return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1901     }
1902 
1903     /*
1904      * Check if input contains only ASCII
1905      * Treats null as all ASCII
1906      */
1907     private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) {
1908         if (input == null) {
1909             return true;
1910         }
1911         for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
1912             if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
1913                 return false;
1914             }
1915         }
1916         return true;
1917     }
1918 
1919     /**
1920      * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
1921      * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
1922      *
1923      * @param input the string to convert, not null
1924      * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
1925      */
1926     // Needed by UrlValidator
1927     static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {
1928         if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
1929             return input;
1930         }
1931         try {
1932             final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
1933             if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
1934                 return ascii;
1935             }
1936             final int length = input.length();
1937             if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
1938                 return input;
1939             }
1940             // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
1941             // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
1942             // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
1943             // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
1944             // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
1945             final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1); // fetch original last char
1946             switch (lastChar) {
1947             case '\u002E': // "." full stop
1948             case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
1949             case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
1950             case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
1951                 return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
1952             default:
1953                 return ascii;
1954             }
1955         } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
1956             return input;
1957         }
1958     }
1959 
1960     /**
1961      * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1962      * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1963      * <p>
1964      * For example:
1965      * <p>
1966      * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")}
1967      * <p>
1968      * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1969      *
1970      * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1971      * Must be one of the following
1972      * <ul>
1973      * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1974      * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1975      * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1976      * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1977      * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
1978      * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
1979      * </ul>
1980      * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1981      * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1982      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1983      * @since 1.5.0
1984      */
1985     public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) {
1986         if (inUse) {
1987             throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1988         }
1989         final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1990         // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1991         for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1992             copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1993         }
1994         Arrays.sort(copy);
1995         switch (table) {
1996         case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1997             countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1998             break;
1999         case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2000             countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
2001             break;
2002         case GENERIC_MINUS:
2003             genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2004             break;
2005         case GENERIC_PLUS:
2006             genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2007             break;
2008         case LOCAL_MINUS:
2009             localTLDsMinus = copy;
2010             break;
2011         case LOCAL_PLUS:
2012             localTLDsPlus = copy;
2013             break;
2014         case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2015         case GENERIC_RO:
2016         case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2017         case LOCAL_RO:
2018             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2019         default:
2020             throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2021         }
2022     }
2023 
2024     /** Whether to allow local overrides. */
2025     private final boolean allowLocal;
2026 
2027     // TLDs defined by IANA
2028     // Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
2029     // https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
2030 
2031     // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
2032     // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
2033 
2034     // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
2035     // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
2036     // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
2037     // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
2038     // .bl  country-code    Not assigned
2039     // .um  country-code    Not assigned
2040 
2041     /**
2042      * RegexValidator for matching domains.
2043      */
2044     private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
2045             new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
2046 
2047     /**
2048      * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
2049      */
2050     // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
2051     private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
2052             new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
2053 
2054     /** Local override. */
2055     final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2056 
2057     /** Local override. */
2058     final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2059 
2060     // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2061     // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2062 
2063     /** Local override. */
2064     final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus;
2065 
2066     /** Local override. */
2067     final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus;
2068 
2069     /** Local override. */
2070     final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus;
2071 
2072     /** Local override. */
2073     final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus;
2074 
2075     /*
2076      * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared.
2077      */
2078 
2079     /**
2080      * Private constructor.
2081      */
2082     private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) {
2083         this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2084         // link to class overrides
2085         myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2086         myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2087         myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2088         myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2089         myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2090         myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2091     }
2092 
2093     /**
2094      * Private constructor, allowing local overrides
2095      * @since 1.7
2096     */
2097     private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
2098         this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2099 
2100         // default to class overrides
2101         String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2102         String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2103         String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2104         String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2105         String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2106         String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2107 
2108         // apply the instance overrides
2109         for (final Item item : items) {
2110             final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length];
2111             // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2112             for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
2113                 copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2114             }
2115             Arrays.sort(copy);
2116             switch (item.type) {
2117             case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
2118                 ccMinus = copy;
2119                 break;
2120             }
2121             case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
2122                 ccPlus = copy;
2123                 break;
2124             }
2125             case GENERIC_MINUS: {
2126                 genMinus = copy;
2127                 break;
2128             }
2129             case GENERIC_PLUS: {
2130                 genPlus = copy;
2131                 break;
2132             }
2133             case LOCAL_MINUS: {
2134                 localMinus = copy;
2135                 break;
2136             }
2137             case LOCAL_PLUS: {
2138                 localPlus = copy;
2139                 break;
2140             }
2141             default:
2142                 break;
2143             }
2144         }
2145 
2146         // init the instance overrides
2147         myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
2148         myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
2149         myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
2150         myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
2151         myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
2152         myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
2153     }
2154 
2155     private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) {
2156         if (str.startsWith(".")) {
2157             return str.substring(1);
2158         }
2159         return str;
2160     }
2161 
2162     /**
2163      * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array.
2164      * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
2165      * @return a copy of the array
2166      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, e.g. GENERIC_RO
2167      * @since 1.7
2168      */
2169     public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) {
2170         final String[] array;
2171         switch (table) {
2172         case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2173             array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2174             break;
2175         case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2176             array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2177             break;
2178         case GENERIC_MINUS:
2179             array = myGenericTLDsMinus;
2180             break;
2181         case GENERIC_PLUS:
2182             array = myGenericTLDsPlus;
2183             break;
2184         case LOCAL_MINUS:
2185             array = myLocalTLDsMinus;
2186             break;
2187         case LOCAL_PLUS:
2188             array = myLocalTLDsPlus;
2189             break;
2190         default:
2191             throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2192         }
2193         return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2194     }
2195 
2196     /**
2197      * Does this instance allow local addresses?
2198      *
2199      * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
2200      * @since 1.7
2201      */
2202     public boolean isAllowLocal() {
2203         return this.allowLocal;
2204     }
2205 
2206     /**
2207      * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
2208      * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
2209      * The parsing is case-insensitive.
2210      * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
2211      * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
2212      */
2213     public boolean isValid(String domain) {
2214         if (domain == null) {
2215             return false;
2216         }
2217         domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2218         // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2219         // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2220         // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2221         // checks in the regexes below
2222         if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2223             return false;
2224         }
2225         final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2226         if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
2227             return isValidTld(groups[0]);
2228         }
2229         return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2230     }
2231 
2232     /**
2233      * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2234      * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
2235      * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2236      * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
2237      * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
2238      */
2239     public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) {
2240         final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2241         return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
2242     }
2243 
2244     // package protected for unit test access
2245     // must agree with isValid() above
2246     final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
2247         if (domain == null) {
2248             return false;
2249         }
2250         domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2251         // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2252         // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2253         // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2254         // checks in the regexes below
2255         if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2256             return false;
2257         }
2258         final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2259         return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2260     }
2261     /**
2262      * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2263      * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
2264      * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2265      * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
2266      * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
2267      */
2268     public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) {
2269         final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2270         return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key);
2271     }
2272 
2273     /**
2274      * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2275      * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
2276      * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2277      * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
2278      * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
2279      */
2280     public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) {
2281         final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2282         return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
2283     }
2284 
2285     /**
2286      * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2287      * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
2288      * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2289      * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
2290      * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
2291      */
2292     public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) {
2293         final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2294         return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key))
2295                 && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key);
2296     }
2297 
2298     /**
2299      * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2300      * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
2301      * The search is case-insensitive.
2302      * <p>
2303      * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}.
2304      * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)},
2305      * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}
2306      * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
2307      * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
2308      */
2309     public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) {
2310         if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
2311             return true;
2312         }
2313         return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
2314                 || isValidGenericTld(tld)
2315                 || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
2316     }
2317 }